Frankel Appliance (FR1). Labial view of the Frankel appliance. The components include: -
Upper - Lower - v Lip Pads and Joining wires in 0.9mm S.S wire. v Hanger wires 5 / 5 in 0.9mm S.S wire. v Lingual Pusher Springs 3 / 3 in 0.7mm S.S wire. Buccal view of the Frankel appliance. Frankel appliance - lingual / palatal view. Frankel appliance with upper model removed. Frankel appliance with lower model removed.
Further reading: - Functional Appliances in Orthodontic Treatment (an atlas of clinical and laboratory construction) - Harry. S. Orton. ISBN - 1-85097-012-2.
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